| quote | Originally posted by cliffw:
Wow, 30% is a large margin of possible error. Is ...would it be closer with a lubed wheel stud ?
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Maybe, but not by much. From
Sandia National Laboratories (for NASA): Guideline for Bolted Joint Design and Analysis (2008):

In the real world, thread condition (i.e. cleanliness and damage status) probably has more effect than anything else. Don't worry, though. The published standard torque values for wheel studs will be "good enough" in virtually all circumstances.
From the same source, here is a table of approximate "Nut Factors" (i.e. Torque Coefficients/K-Factors) for various bolt materials, finishes, and lubricants:

[This message has been edited by Marvin McInnis (edited 12-06-2013).]