There are at least a couple products out now that are either epoxy or urethane type products that will not easily be removed, damaged, etc. I don't know what they cost. They are made specifically for that use and I would think jacking etc was thought into making them. That said, You'd probably still want to avoid crappy jacks and stands with sharp corners on the bottom.
Any sort of tile is right out. The only thing that might hold up any length of time is comercial duty stuff for stores etc and even that won't take much when you start parking cars on it. And it's bloody expensive. That grade of tile can be a couple dollars or more per sq ft. After the tile went down you'd have to apply a sealer over it, which makes it even more expensive. It likely would also make for a very slick floor when wet.
If the concrete is clean, or can be cleaned, you least expensive option may be to just seal it with something made for the job. That will keep it from getting stained, cut dust, and make it easier to clean up. There are sealers made for specifically for concrete floors/driveways. Such a sealer usually lasts years in anyplace not exposed to the weather.
------------------
Dr. Ian Malcolm: Yeah, but your scientists were so preoccupied with whether or not they could, they didn't stop to think if they should.
(Jurasic Park)
The Ogre's Fiero Cave (It's also at the top of every forum page...)