OK, these are the most common wiring terminations. Be careful when messing with the wiring as there will be both 24 volt, and 120 volt wiring in the same enclosure. The 120 will naturally be heaveir gauge, isolate 120 power, and then check those connections first. Then start in on the 120. Based on what you've said, the first place I'd look is the power from the transformer, and then the white or blue wires, one of which will supply power to the control valve. The good news here is that your problem is a lack of power to the control valve, which leaves it somewhere in that (relatively) simple circuit. YOu shouldn't have to screw around with the fan limit switches or anyting like that.
Here's a typical wiring legend. The letter designator indicates the termination on the thermostat, you can trace the wires entering the furnace from the thermostat and get an idea of where it should be going:
• (R), Red, hot side of transformer.
• (C) Common side of transformer (See B)
• (W), White, Heat.
• (G), Green, furnace blower fan.
• (B), Blue or Orange, Energize to heat (used on some systems).
• (B) or (X), Blue, brown or Black, common side of transformer. Needed on some electronic thermostats or if you have indicator lamps.