The Attorney General
Washington, DC.
March 24, 2019
The Honorable Lindsey Graham The Honorable Jerrold Nadler
Chairman, Committee on the Judiciary Chairman, Committee on the Judiciary
United States Senate United States House of Representatives
290 Russell Senate Of?ce Building 2132 Rayburn House Of?ce Building
Washington, DC. 20510 Washington, DC. 20515
The Honorable Dianne Feinstein The Honorable Doug Collins
Ranking Member, Committee on the Judiciary Ranking Member, Committee on the Judiciary
United States Senate United States House of Representatives
331 Hart Senate Of?ce Building 1504 Longworth House Of?ce Building
Washington, DC. 20510 Washington, DC. 20515
Dear Chairman Graham, Chairman Nadler, Ranking Member Feinstein, and Ranking Member
Collins:
As a supplement to the noti?cation provided on Friday, March 22, 2019, I am writing today
to advise you of the principal conclusions reached by Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller and
to inform you about the status of my initial review of the report he has prepared.
The Special Counsel?s Report
On Friday, the Special Counsel submitted to me a ?con?dential report explaining the
prosecution or declination decisions? he has reached, as required by 28 CPR. This
report is entitled ?Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential
Election.? Although my review is ongoing, I believe that it is in the public interest to describe the
report and to summarize the principal conclusions reached by the Special Counsel and the results
of his investigation.
The report explains that the Special Counsel and his staff thoroughly investigated
allegations that members of the presidential campaign of Donald J. Trump, and others associated
with it, conspired with the Russian government in its efforts to interfere in the 2016 US.
presidential election, or sought to obstruct the related federal investigations. In the report, the
Special Counsel noted that, in completing his investigation, he employed 19 lawyers who were
assisted by a team of approximately 40 FBI agents, intelligence forensic accountants, and
other professional staff. The Special Counsel issued more than 2,800 subpoenas, executed nearly
500 search warrants, obtained more than 230 orders for communication records, issued almost 50
orders authorizing use of pen registers, made 13 requests to foreign governments for evidence, and
interviewed approximately 500 witnesses.
The Special Counsel obtained a number of indictments and convictions of individuals and
entities in connection with his investigation, all of which have been publicly disclosed. During
the course of his investigation, the Special Counsel also referred several matters to other of?ces
for further action. The report does not recommend any further indictments, nor did the Special
Counsel obtain any sealed indictments that have yet to be made public. Below, I summarize the
principal conclusions set out in the Special Counsel?s report.
Russian Interference in the 2016 US. Presidential Election. The Special Counsel?s
report is divided into two parts. The ?rst describes the results of the Special Counsel?s
investigation into Russia?s interference in the 2016 US. presidential election. The report outlines
the Russian effort to in?uence the election and documents crimes committed by persons associated
with the Russian government in connection with those efforts. The report further explains that a
primary consideration for the Special Counsel?s investigation was whether any Americans
including individuals associated with the Trump campaign joined the Russian conspiracies to
in?uence the election, which would be a federal crime. The Special Counsel?s investigation did
not ?nd that the Trump campaign or anyone associated with it conspired or coordinated with
RuSsia in its efforts to in?uence the 2016 US. presidential election. As the report states: ?[T]he
investigation did not establish that members of the Trump Campaign conspired or coordinated
with the Russian government in its election interference activities.?1
The Special Counsel?s investigation determined that there were two main Russian efforts
to in?uence the 2016 election. The ?rst involved attempts by a Russian organization, the Internet
Research Agency (IRA), to conduct disinformation and social media operations in the United
States designed to sow social discord, eventually with the aim of interfering with the election. As
noted above, the Special Counsel did not ?nd that any US. person or Trump campaign of?cial or
associate conspired or knowingly coordinated with the IRA in its efforts, although the Special
Counsel brought criminal charges against a number of Russian nationals and entities in connection
with these activities.
The second element involved the Russian government?s efforts to conduct computer
hacking operations designed to gather and disseminate information to in?uence the election. The
Special Counsel found that Russian government actors successfully hacked into computers and
obtained emails from persons af?liated with the Clinton campaign and Democratic Party
organizations, and publicly disseminated those materials through various intermediaries, including
WikiLeaks. Based on these activities, the Special Counsel brought criminal charges against a .
number of Russian military of?cers for conspiring to hack into computers in the United States for
purposes of in?uencing the election. But as noted above, the Special Counsel did not ?nd that the
Trump campaign, or anyone associated with it, conspired or coordinated with the Russian
government in these efforts, despite multiple offers from Russian-af?liated individuals to assist
the Trump campaign.
In assessing potential conspiracy charges, the Special Counsel also considered whether
members of the Trump campaign ?coordinated? with Russian election interference activities.
The Special Counsel de?ned ?coordination? as an ?agreement?tacit or express?between the
Trump Campaign and the Russian government on election interference.?
Obstruction of Justice. The report?ssecond part addresses a number of actions by the
President most of which have been the subject of public reporting that the Special Counsel
investigated as potentially raising obstruction-of?justice concerns. After making a ?thorough
factual investigation? into these matters, the Special Counsel considered whether to evaluate the
conduct under Department standards governing prosecution and declination decisions but
ultimately determined not to make a traditional prosecutorial judgment. The Special Counsel
therefore did not draw a conclusion one way or the other as to whether the examined conduct
constituted obstruction. Instead, for each of the relevant actions investigated, the report sets out
evidence on both sides of the question and leaves unresolved what the Special Counsel views as
?dif?cult issues? of law and fact concerning whether the President?s actions and intent could be
viewed as obstruction. The Special Counsel states that ?while this report does not conclude that I
the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him.?
The Special Counsel?s decision to describe the facts of his obstruction investigation
without reaching any legal conclusions leaves it'to the Attorney General to determine whether the
conduct described in the report constitutes a crime. Over the course of the investigation, the
Special Counsel?s of?ce engaged in discussions with certain Department of?cials regarding many
of the legal and factual matters at issue in the Special Counsel?s obstruction investigation. After
reviewing the Special Counsel?s ?nal report on these issues; consulting with Department of?cials,
including the Of?ce of Legal Counsel; and applying the principles of federal prosecution that guide
our charging decisions, Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein and I have concluded that the
evidence developed during the Special Counsel?s investigation is not suf?cient to establish that
the President committed an obstruction-of-justice offense. Our determination was made Without
regard to, and is not based on, the constitutional considerations that surround the indictment and
criminal prosecution of a sitting president.2
In making this determination, 'we noted that the Special Counsel recognized that ?the
evidence does not establish that the President was involved in an underlying crime related to
Russian election interference,? and that, while not determinative, the absence of such evidence
bears upon the President?s intent with respect to obstruction. Generally speaking, to obtain and
sustain an obstruction conviction, the government would need to prove beyond a reasonable doubt
that a person, acting with corrupt intent, engaged in obstructive conduct with a suf?cient nexus to
a pending or contemplated proceeding. In cataloguing the President?s actions, many of which took
place in public View, the report identi?es no actions that, in our judgment, constitute obstructive
conduct, had a nexus to a pending or contemplated proceeding, and were done with corrupt intent,
each of which, under the Department?s principles of federal prosecution guiding charging
decisions, would need to be proven beyond a reasonable doubt to establish an obstruction-of-
justice offense.
Status of the Department?s Review
The relevant regulations contemplate that the Special Counsel?s report will be a
confidential report to the Attorney General. See Office of Special Counsel, 64 Fed. Reg. 37,038,
2 See A Sitting President?s Amenability t0 Indictment and Criminal Prosecution, 24 Op. O.L.C.
222 (2000).
3
37,040-41 (July 9, 1999). As I have previously stated, however, I am mindful of the public interest
in this matter. For that reason, my goal and intent is to release as much of the Special Counsel?s
report as I can consistent with applicable law, regulations, and Departmental policies.
Based on my discussions with the Special Counsel and my initial review, it is apparent that
the report contains material that is or could be subject to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure
which imposes restrictions on the use and disclosure of information relating to matter(s) occurring
before grand jury.? Fed. R. Crim. P. Rule 6(e) generally limits disclosure of certain
grand jury information in a criminal investigation and prosecution. Id. Disclosure of 6(e) material
beyond the strict limits set forth in the rule is a crime in certain circumstances. See, e. g. 18 U.S.C.
401(3). This restriction protects the integrity of grand jury proceedings and ensures that the
unique and invaluable investigative powers of a grand jury are used strictly for their intended
criminal justice function.
Given these restrictions, the schedule for processing the report depends in part on how
quickly the Department can identify the 6(e) material that by law cannot be made public. I have
requested the assistance of the Special Counsel in identifying all 6(e) information contained in the
report as quickly as possible. Separately, I also must identify any information that could impact
other ongoing matters, including those that the Special Counsel has referred to other of?ces. As
soon as that process is complete, I will be in a position to move forward expeditiously in
determining what can be released in light of applicable law, regulations, and Departmental
policies.
As I observed in my initial noti?cation, the Special Counsel regulations provide that ?the
Attorney General may determine that public release of? noti?cations to your respective
Committees ?would be in the public interest.? 28 CPR. I have so determined, and I
will disclose this letter to the public after delivering it to you.
Sincerely,
William P. Barr
Attorney General
[This message has been edited by blackrams (edited 03-24-2019).]